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gnome-mount(1)							gnome-mount(1)

NAME
       gnome-mount - Mount drives and volumes using HAL and read settings from
       the GNOME desktop configuration system gconf.

SYNOPSIS
       gnome-mount  [-?|--help]	 [-v]  [-n]  [-t]  [-b]	 [-d  /dev/file	 |  -h
       /org/fd/Hal/udi	| -p nickname] [--unmount | --eject | --write-settings
       | --erase-settings |  --show-settings]  [--mount-point  where-to-mount]
       [--mount-options	      opt1,opt2=foo,opt3]	[--extra-mount-options
       opt4,opt5=bar] [--fstype fstype-to-use]

DESCRIPTION
       This program is used to mount and unmount file systems for GNOME	 desk‐
       top  users. It can also be used to eject discs from CD drives and other
       devices that needs to be ejected. For example,  iPod's  needs  this  to
       make the "Do not disconnect" message go away.

       Normally,  this	program	 is  invoked  by  software  in the GNOME stack
       (specifically gnome-vfs-daemon and gnome-volume-manager	).  End	 users
       should  never  have  to	deal  with gnome-mount directly on the command
       line, nor should they have to read this manual page.

       Mounting a file system into the root file  system  involves  a  certain
       degree  of configuration and as such is subject to whatever preferences
       an user might have.  gnome-mount allows the user to control  the	 mount
       point  location,	 the  mount  options  and  what file system to use for
       mounting a file system. The settings are read from the  gconf  database
       (which  is  per-user)  and  can	also be overridden on the command line
       using the appropriate parameters. See below.

SPECIFYING THE TARGET
       The target (e.g. the partition or file  system  to  mount,  unmount  or
       eject)  can  be specified using the HAL UDI (Unique Device Identifier),
       e.g.  /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/volume_uuid_E18B_10EC , the name  of
       the special device file, e.g.  /dev/sda1 or a pseudonym.	 The latter is
       a textual string used to locate the target  and	it  makes  gnome-mount
       search  for  the	 target	 by  comparing the given textual string to the
       mount points and file system labels.

DETERMINING SETTINGS
       Settings (e.g. mount point, mount options, file system type)  are  read
       in  the order below. Note that each option is treated individually; for
       example it is valid for a drive to only specify the mount point setting
       and  not the mount options. Also note that the even if the drive speci‐
       fies mount options, these can be overridden on a per-volume basis.

       FILE SYSTEM DEFAULTS
	      First,  default  mount  options  are  read  from	 /system/stor‐
	      age/defaults/FS_TYPE/  for  the  probed  file system type of the
	      volume. The option uid=, is treated specially by gnome-mount and
	      will  be	replaced by uid=UID_OF_USER to cope with the fact that
	      the uid is a function of the user calling it.

       PER DRIVE
	      Second, the gconf tree  at  /system/storage/drives/UDI_OF_DRIVE/
	      is  consulted  for  options that depend on what drive the volume
	      belongs to. For example, this is	useful	for  configuring  that
	      volumes  inserted	 into  a  given drive is always mounted at the
	      same  location.  For  example,  this  can	 be  used  to  emulate
	      /etc/fstab behaviour by where CD media is always mounted at e.g.
	      /media/cdrom

       PER VOLUME
	      Third, the gconf tree  at	 /system/storage/drives/UDI_OF_VOLUME/
	      is consulted for options that are specific to a particular piece
	      of media and as such depends on either  the  file	 system	 label
	      (e.g.   EOS_DIGITAL ) or the file system UUID (e.g.  E18B_10EC )
	      or both.

       COMMANDLINE OPTIONS
	      Users can pass --mount-point , --mount-options  or  --fstype  on
	      the commandline to override settings.

       EXTRA COMMANDLINE OPTIONS
	      Finally,	if  mount options are passed via --extra-mount-options
	      these are not replacing  the  mount  options,  they  are	simply
	      added.  This is useful for doing e.g.

	       gnome-mount --extra-mount-options remount,exec -d /dev/sda1

	      to  remount  a  volumes  such  that programs can be run from the
	      media.  This is useful for e.g. gnome-volume-manager if it  dis‐
	      covers an autorun file on the media.

PASSWORDED MEDIA
       gnome-mount   supports	passworded  media  through  the	 org.freedesk‐
       top.Hal.Device.Volume.Crypto  interface	supported  by  HAL  and	  this
       includes	 volumes  formatted  in	 a way that adheres to the LUKS (Linux
       Unified Key Setup) specification. In addition, gnome-mount uses	gnome-
       keyring	to  retrieve  and  store  the  pass  phrase.  If no key can be
       retrieved, gnome-mount will prompt the user for one.  In	 addition,  if
       the  keyring is locked, the user may be prompted to unlock it via stan‐
       dard gnome-keyring mechanisms.

PRIVILEGES
       gnome-mount is intended for unprivileged users and HAL ultimately  con‐
       trols if the calling user is allowed to mount, unmount or eject volumes
       as well as what mount options are  valid.  As  such,  requests  may  be
       denied.	See  the  (human  readable)  exception	returned  from HAL for
       details if a request fails.

       Note that HAL has a notion of what mount options are valid for a	 given
       volume.	They are listed in the HAL property volume.mount.valid_options
       on the device object representing the volume to mount. Consult lshal(1)
       for  details.  Also note that HAL by default appends the options nosuid
       and nodev to prevent privilege escalation.

       In addition to using HAL as the mechanism for  mounting	file  systems,
       the  /etc/fstab	file is also consulted as HAL will refuse to mount any
       file system listed in this file as it would violate system  policy.  If
       this  is the case, gnome-mount will invoke mount(1) as the calling user
       rather  than  invoking  the   Mount   method   on   the	 org.freedesk‐
       top.Hal.Device.Volume  interface	 on the device object representing the
       volume / drive. This means that settings (mount point,  mount  options,
       file system type) read by gnome-mount are not passed along as these are
       already specified in the /etc/fstab file and there are no mechanism  to
       override	 them. When parsing the /etc/fstab file, gnome-mount (and also
       HAL for that matter) resolves symbolic  links  and  also	 respects  the
       LABEL= and UUID= notations. For example, if this line is in /etc/fstab

	LABEL=MyVolume /mnt/myvolume auto user,defaults 0 0

       then  gnome-mount  mounts  the  file system with the label MyVolume via
       mount(1) and /etc/fstab rather than using the HAL mechanisms.

OPTIONS
       Options available for the gnome-mount command:

       -v, --verbose
	      Verbose operation, shows debug messages.

       -n, --no-ui
	      Don't show any dialogs the user needs  to	 dismiss.  If  X11  is
	      available, gnome-mount may pop up transient notification bubbles
	      e.g. suggesting the user to  remount  a  volume  with  different
	      options  to  streamline  access  to  file systems with ownership
	      attributes. This is the option that storage policy daemons  such
	      as  gnome-volume-manager should invoke gnome-mount in. File man‐
	      agers, however, such as Nautilus , should never use this	option
	      as  the  user  should  get  e.g.	an error dialog if he tries to
	      access a volume with a missing, unsupported or unknown file sys‐
	      tem.

       -b, --block
	      Allow gnome-mount to block even if an error occured. By default,
	      gnome-mount will daemonize so  it	 can  return  control  to  the
	      invoking application as soon as possible (e.g. when an operation
	      either fails or succeeds ) while still showing an	 error	dialog
	      to the end user. Useful when debugging.

       -u, --unmount
	      Use  this for unmounting rather than mounting. If gnome-mount is
	      invoked as gnome-umount (a symlink to gnome-mount	 )  then  this
	      option is automatically selected.

       -e, --eject
	      Use  this	 for  ejecting rather than mounting. If gnome-mount is
	      invoked as gnome-eject (a symlink to  gnome-mount	 )  then  this
	      option is automatically selected.

       -d, --device
	      Specify target volume by the special device file.

       -h, --hal-udi
	      Specify target volume by HAL UDI (Unique Device Identifier).

       -p, --pseudonym
	      Specify  target  volume  by  pseudonym.  See  above for how this
	      works.

       -t, --text
	      Never use X11 dialogs or notification bubbles  even  if  an  X11
	      server  is available. Also prohibits the use of gnome-keyring to
	      retrieve pass phrases for passworded media  because  this	 might
	      require  unlocking the keyring which happens through an X11 dia‐
	      log out of process. Useful for command line operation.

       -m, --mount-point
	      Specify mount point to use; don't	 include  /media  as  this  is
	      automatically  appened  by the mechanism used to mount, e.g. the
	      HAL methods.

       -o, --mount-options
	      Specify mount options. Separate by comma.

       -f, --fstype
	      Specify file system type. This is	 useful	 for  using  e.g.  the
	      msdos file system instead of the vfat file system.

       --write-settings
	      Instead  of  mounting  a drive, specify what options to store in
	      the gconf database. Can be used on both drives and  volumes.  Be
	      careful  using  this  with the --device option as optical drives
	      (among others) use the same special device  file	for  both  the
	      drive  and  the volume. One trick is to ensure the optical drive
	      has no media when configuring it via this option.	 Another  pos‐
	      sibility is to use the HAL UDI instead.

       --display-settings
	      Display settings for a drive or volume.

       --erase-settings
	      Erase settings for a drive or volume.

RETURN CODES
       gnome-mount will return zero if the request succeeded or non-zero if it
       failed. Note that gnome-mount is specifically  designed	to  run	 in  a
       graphical user environment and as such all error reporting (and resolu‐
       tion) is through X11 dialogs. For example, if HAL reports that a volume
       could  not  be  mounted because of a missing file system driver, gnome-
       mount might, one day, launch a tool to ask the  user  if	 he  wants  to
       download	 and  install  the driver. In a similar way, all error dialogs
       are presented via X11 dialogs to the user as well.

EXAMPLE
       We want to make sure that the discs inserted into an optical drive  are
       always  mounted at /media/cdrecorder instead of using the default which
       is using the label specified in the iso9660 or udf file system  header.
       Assuming	 that  the  drive is empty and the special device file for the
       drive is /dev/hdc the following command will work

	   gnome-mount --write-settings
		       --device /dev/hdc
		       --mount-point cdrecorder

       This can be inspected via the --display-settings option	and  the  set‐
       tings  can  also	 be  erased via the --erase-settings option. Also note
       that gconf-editor(1) can be used for tasks like these.

HARDWARE THAT CANNOT BE POLLED
       HAL polls most storage devices for media insertion / removal and	 main‐
       tains  the  list	 of devices exported. However, some hardware cannot be
       polled for media changes without making noise or for other reasons.  PC
       floppy drives, Zip drives connected through an IDE interface and broken
       optical drives falls into this category.

       For such hardware HAL only exports the drive and rather than  exporting
       volume  as  childs  of the drive, the org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.Volume
       interface is exported on the drive itself.  gnome-mount	supports  this
       but it means that it is impossible to know ahead of time what file sys‐
       tem is on the media in the problematic drive, so in  this  case	gnome-
       mount  passes auto as the file system type and passes the mount options
       uid=UID_OF_USER as most media in such devices are formatted with either
       the vfat , udf or iso9660 file systems.

       This also means that per-volume settings are not possible; one can only
       specify settings per-drive.

AUTHOR
       gnome-mount was written by David Zeuthen <david@fubar.dk>.

SEE ALSO
       fstab(5), mount(8), umount(8), eject(1), cryptsetup(8), gconftool-2(1),
       gconf-editor(1), lshal(1)

       http://www.gnome.org/projects/gconf/

       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Keyring

       http://freedesktop.org/Software/hal

       http://luks.endorphin.org

								gnome-mount(1)
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