Vim documentation: digraph
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*digraph.txt* For Vim version 5.5. Last change: 1999 Sep 17
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Digraphs *digraphs* *Digraphs*
Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by
an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly accented characters which have the
eighth bit set. The digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number
that can be entered with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|).
1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define|
2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use|
3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
==============================================================================
1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define*
*:dig* *:digraphs*
:dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs.
:dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ...
Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is
the decimal representation of the character.
Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If the feature is
disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message.
==============================================================================
2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use*
There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph*
CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or
{char1} <BS> {char2}
The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is
set.
If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, Vim searches for a digraph
{char2}{char1}. This helps when you don't remember which character comes
first.
Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, Vim
enters the code for that special key. This is not a digraph.
Once you have entered the digraph, Vim treats the character like a normal
character that occupies only one character in the file and on the screen.
Example:
'|' <BS> '|' will enter the double '|' character (166)
'a' <BS> '^' will enter an 'a' with a hat (226)
CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a minus sign (173)
The default digraphs are listed below |digraph-table| along with those for
several specific systems. With the wrong character set, they will look
illogical.
For CTRL-K, there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter
{char} with the highest bit set. You can use this to enter meta-characters.
The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc>, Vim
stops digraph entry and ends Insert mode or Command-line mode, just like
hitting an <Esc> out of digraph context.
If you accidentally typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS>
'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct
this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the
'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs.
You may have problems using Vim with characters which have an ASCII value
above 128. For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334
in Insert mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Note that
fmt removes all characters with ASCII codes above 128 from the text being
formated. On some Unix systems this means you have to define the
environment-variable LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh, then put the following
line in your .cshrc:
setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
==============================================================================
3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default*
These are the default digraph characters for Vim.
Besides the digraphs listed below, you can enter meta characters with CTRL-K
<Space> {char}. You cannot use <Esc> for {char}, so use CTRL-V 155 to
enter meta-ESC (CSI).
The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to
enter the digraph.
In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This table may be
mangled if you look at it on a system that does not support digraphs or if you
print this file.
The decimal number is the ASCII code for the character.
*digraph-table*
Default digraphs for machines that are not mentioned below:
~! 161 c| 162 $$ 163 ox 164 Y- 165 || 166 pa 167
"" 168 cO 169 a- 170 << 171 -, 172 -- 173 rO 174
-= 175 ~o 176 +- 177 22 178 33 179 '' 180 ju 181
pp 182 ~. 183 ,, 184 11 185 o- 186 >> 187 14 188
12 189 34 190 ~? 191 A` 192 A' 193 A^ 194 A~ 195
A" 196 A@ 197 AA 197 AE 198 C, 199 E` 200 E' 201
E^ 202 E" 203 I` 204 I' 205 I^ 206 I" 207 D- 208
N~ 209 O` 210 O' 211 O^ 212 O~ 213 O" 214 /\ 215
O/ 216 U` 217 U' 218 U^ 219 U" 220 Y' 221 Ip 222
ss 223 a` 224 a' 225 a^ 226 a~ 227 a" 228 a@ 229
aa 229 ae 230 c, 231 e` 232 e' 233 e^ 234 e" 235
i` 236 i' 237 i^ 238 i" 239 d- 240 n~ 241 o` 242
o' 243 o^ 244 o~ 245 o" 246 :- 247 o/ 248 u` 249
u' 250 u^ 251 u" 252 y' 253 ip 254 y" 255
Default digraphs for some HPUX machines:
A` 161 A^ 162 E` 163 E^ 164 E" 165 I^ 166 I" 167
'' 168 `` 169 ^^ 170 "" 171 ~~ 172 U` 173 U^ 174
L= 175 ~_ 176 Y' 177 y' 178 ~o 179 C, 180 c, 181
N~ 182 n~ 183 ~! 184 ~? 185 ox 186 L- 187 Y= 188
pp 189 fl 190 c| 191 a^ 192 e^ 193 o^ 194 u^ 195
a' 196 e' 197 o' 198 u' 199 a` 200 e` 201 o` 202
u` 203 a" 204 e" 205 o" 206 u" 207 Ao 208 i^ 209
O/ 210 AE 211 ao 212 i' 213 o/ 214 ae 215 A" 216
i` 217 O" 218 U" 219 E' 220 i" 221 ss 222 O^ 223
A' 224 A~ 225 a~ 226 D- 227 d- 228 I' 229 I` 230
O' 231 O` 232 O~ 233 o~ 234 S~ 235 s~ 236 U' 237
Y" 238 y" 239 p- 240 p~ 241 ~. 242 ju 243 Pp 244
34 245 -- 246 14 247 12 248 a_ 249 o_ 250 << 251
xx 252 >> 253 +- 254 nu 255
Default digraphs on MS-DOS, OS/2 and Win32-console:
C, 128 u" 129 e' 130 a^ 131 a" 132 a` 133 a@ 134
c, 135 e^ 136 e" 137 e` 138 i" 139 i^ 140 i` 141
A" 142 A@ 143 E' 144 ae 145 AE 146 o^ 147 o" 148
o` 149 u^ 150 u` 151 y" 152 O" 153 U" 154 c| 155
$$ 156 Y- 157 Pt 158 ff 159 a' 160 i' 161 o' 162
u' 163 n~ 164 N~ 165 aa 166 oo 167 ~? 168 -a 169
a- 170 12 171 14 172 ~! 173 << 174 >> 175 ss 225
ju 230 o/ 237 +- 241 >= 242 <= 243 :- 246 ~~ 247
~o 248 22 253
Default digraphs for MiNT:
C, 128 u" 129 e' 130 a^ 131 a" 132 a` 133 a@ 134
c, 135 e^ 136 e" 137 e` 138 i" 139 i^ 140 i` 141
A" 142 A@ 143 E' 144 ae 145 AE 146 o^ 147 o" 148
o` 149 u^ 150 u` 151 y" 152 O" 153 U" 154 c| 155
$$ 156 Y- 157 ss 158 ff 159 a' 160 i' 161 o' 162
u' 163 n~ 164 N~ 165 aa 166 oo 167 ~? 168 -a 169
a- 170 12 171 14 172 ~! 173 << 174 >> 175 ju 230
o/ 237 +- 241 >= 242 <= 243 :- 246 ~~ 247 ~o 248
22 253
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