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CONNECT(3P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		   CONNECT(3P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       connectconnect a socket

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int connect(int socket, const struct sockaddr *address,
	   socklen_t address_len);

DESCRIPTION
       The connect() function shall attempt to make a connection on a  connec‐
       tion-mode  socket  or to set or reset the peer address of a connection‐
       less-mode socket. The function takes the following arguments:

       socket	   Specifies the file descriptor associated with the socket.

       address	   Points to a sockaddr structure containing the peer address.
		   The	length and format of the address depend on the address
		   family of the socket.

       address_len Specifies the length of the sockaddr structure  pointed  to
		   by the address argument.

       If  the socket has not already been bound to a local address, connect()
       shall bind it to an address which, unless the socket's  address	family
       is AF_UNIX, is an unused local address.

       If  the	initiating socket is not connection-mode, then connect() shall
       set  the	 socket's  peer	 address,  and	no  connection	is  made.  For
       SOCK_DGRAM sockets, the peer address identifies where all datagrams are
       sent on subsequent send() functions, and limits the remote  sender  for
       subsequent  recv()  functions.  If  the	sa_family member of address is
       AF_UNSPEC, the socket's peer address shall be reset. Note that  despite
       no  connection being made, the term ``connected'' is used to describe a
       connectionless-mode socket for which a peer address has been set.

       If the initiating  socket  is  connection-mode,	then  connect()	 shall
       attempt	to  establish  a  connection  to  the address specified by the
       address argument. If the connection cannot be  established  immediately
       and  O_NONBLOCK is not set for the file descriptor for the socket, con‐
       nect() shall block for up to an unspecified timeout interval until  the
       connection  is  established. If the timeout interval expires before the
       connection is established, connect()  shall  fail  and  the  connection
       attempt	shall be aborted. If connect() is interrupted by a signal that
       is caught while blocked waiting to establish  a	connection,  connect()
       shall  fail  and set errno to [EINTR], but the connection request shall
       not be aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously.

       If the connection cannot be established immediately and	O_NONBLOCK  is
       set  for	 the  file descriptor for the socket, connect() shall fail and
       set errno to [EINPROGRESS], but the connection  request	shall  not  be
       aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously. Subse‐
       quent calls to connect() for the same socket, before the connection  is
       established, shall fail and set errno to [EALREADY].

       When  the  connection  has  been established asynchronously, pselect(),
       select(), and poll() shall indicate that the file  descriptor  for  the
       socket is ready for writing.

       The  socket  in	use may require the process to have appropriate privi‐
       leges to use the connect() function.

RETURN VALUE
       Upon successful completion, connect() shall  return  0;	otherwise,  −1
       shall be returned and errno set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The connect() function shall fail if:

       EADDRNOTAVAIL
	      The specified address is not available from the local machine.

       EAFNOSUPPORT
	      The  specified  address  is  not a valid address for the address
	      family of the specified socket.

       EALREADY
	      A connection request is already in progress  for	the  specified
	      socket.

       EBADF  The socket argument is not a valid file descriptor.

       ECONNREFUSED
	      The  target address was not listening for connections or refused
	      the connection request.

       EINPROGRESS
	      O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket and the
	      connection  cannot  be  immediately  established; the connection
	      shall be established asynchronously.

       EINTR  The attempt to establish a connection was interrupted by	deliv‐
	      ery  of a signal that was caught; the connection shall be estab‐
	      lished asynchronously.

       EISCONN
	      The specified socket is  connection-mode	and  is	 already  con‐
	      nected.

       ENETUNREACH
	      No route to the network is present.

       ENOTSOCK
	      The socket argument does not refer to a socket.

       EPROTOTYPE
	      The specified address has a different type than the socket bound
	      to the specified peer address.

       ETIMEDOUT
	      The attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made.

       If the address family of the socket is AF_UNIX,	then  connect()	 shall
       fail if:

       EIO    An  I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file
	      system.

       ELOOP  A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of
	      the pathname in address.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      The  length  of  a  component  of	 a  pathname  is  longer  than
	      {NAME_MAX}.

       ENOENT A component of the pathname does not name an  existing  file  or
	      the pathname is an empty string.

       ENOTDIR
	      A	 component of the path prefix of the pathname in address names
	      an existing file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link
	      to a directory, or the pathname in address contains at least one
	      non-<slash> character and ends with one or more trailing <slash>
	      characters  and  the  last  pathname component names an existing
	      file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a direc‐
	      tory.

       The connect() function may fail if:

       EACCES Search  permission is denied for a component of the path prefix;
	      or write access to the named socket is denied.

       EADDRINUSE
	      Attempt to establish a connection that uses addresses  that  are
	      already in use.

       ECONNRESET
	      Remote host reset the connection request.

       EHOSTUNREACH
	      The  destination	host  cannot  be reached (probably because the
	      host is down or a remote router cannot reach it).

       EINVAL The address_len argument is not a valid length for  the  address
	      family; or invalid address family in the sockaddr structure.

       ELOOP  More  than  {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during
	      resolution of the pathname in address.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or pathname resolu‐
	      tion  of	a symbolic link produced an intermediate result with a
	      length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.

       ENETDOWN
	      The local network interface used to  reach  the  destination  is
	      down.

       ENOBUFS
	      No buffer space is available.

       EOPNOTSUPP
	      The socket is listening and cannot be connected.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES
       None.

APPLICATION USAGE
       If  connect() fails, the state of the socket is unspecified. Conforming
       applications should close the file descriptor and create a  new	socket
       before attempting to reconnect.

RATIONALE
       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       accept(),  bind(),  close(),  getsockname(), poll(), pselect(), send(),
       shutdown(), socket()

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <sys_socket.h>

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri‐
       cal and Electronics Engineers,  Inc  and	 The  Open  Group.   (This  is
       POSIX.1-2008  with  the	2013  Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be  obtained	online
       at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any  typographical  or  formatting  errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files  to  man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
       nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2013			   CONNECT(3P)
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