ikeadm(1M) System Administration Commands ikeadm(1M)NAMEikeadm - manipulate Internet Key Exchange (IKE) parameters and state
SYNOPSISikeadm [-np]
ikeadm [-np] get [debug | priv | stats | defaults]
ikeadm [-np] set [debug | priv] [level] [file]
ikeadm [-np] [get | del] [p1 | rule | preshared] [id]
ikeadm [-np] add [rule | preshared] { description }
ikeadm [-np] token [login | logout] PKCS#11_Token_Object
ikeadm [-np] [read | write] [rule | preshared | certcache] file
ikeadm [-np] [dump | pls | rule | preshared]
ikeadm [-np] flush [p1 | certcache]
ikeadm help
[get | set | add | del | read | write | dump | flush | token]
DESCRIPTION
The ikeadm utility retrieves information from and manipulates the con‐
figuration of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol daemon,
in.iked(1M).
ikeadm supports a set of operations, which may be performed on one or
more of the supported object types. When invoked without arguments,
ikeadm enters interactive mode which prints a prompt to the standard
output and accepts commands from the standard input until the end-of-
file is reached.
Because ikeadm manipulates sensitive keying information, you must be
superuser to use this command. Additionally, some of the commands
available require that the daemon be running in a privileged mode,
which is established when the daemon is started.
For details on how to use this command securely see .
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-n
Prevent attempts to print host and network names symbolically when
reporting actions. This is useful, for example, when all name
servers are down or are otherwise unreachable.
-p
Paranoid. Do not print any keying material, even if saving Security
Associations. Instead of an actual hexadecimal digit, print an X
when this flag is turned on.
USAGE
Commands
The following commands are supported:
add
Add the specified object. This option can be used to add a new pol‐
icy rule or a new preshared key to the current (running) in.iked
configuration. When adding a new preshared key, the command cannot
be invoked from the command line, as it will contain keying mate‐
rial. The rule or key being added is specified using appropriate
id-value pairs as described in the ID FORMATS section.
del
Delete a specific object or objects from in.iked's current configu‐
ration. This operation is available for IKE (Phase 1) SAs, policy
rules, and preshared keys. The object to be deleted is specified as
described in the Id Formats.
dump
Display all objects of the specified type known to in.iked. This
option can be used to display all Phase 1 SAs, policy rules, pre‐
shared keys, or the certificate cache. A large amount of output may
be generated by this command.
flush
Remove all IKE (Phase 1) SAs or cached certificates from in.iked.
Note that flushing the certcache will also (as a side-effect)
update IKE with any new certificates added or removed.
get
Lookup and display the specified object. May be used to view the
current debug or privilege level, global statistics and default
values for the daemon, or a specific IKE (Phase 1) SA, policy rule,
or preshared key. The latter three object types require that iden‐
tifying information be passed in; the appropriate specification for
each object type is described below.
help
Print a brief summary of commands, or, when followed by a command,
prints information about that command.
read
Update the current in.iked configuration by reading the policy
rules or preshared keys from either the default location or from
the file specified.
set
Adjust the current debug or privilege level. If the debug level is
being modified, an output file may optionally be specified; the
output file must be specified if the daemon is running in the back‐
ground and is not currently printing to a file. When changing the
privilege level, adjustments may only be made to lower the access
level; it cannot be increased using ikeadm.
write
Write the current in.iked policy rule set or preshared key set to
the specified file. A destination file must be specified. This com‐
mand should not be used to overwrite the existing configuration
files.
token
Log into a PKCS#11 token object and grant access to keying material
or log out and invalidate access to keying material.
token can be run as a normal user with the following authoriza‐
tions:
o token login: solaris.network.ipsec.ike.token.login
o token logout: solaris.network.ipsec.ike.token.logout
Object Types
debug
Specifies the daemon's debug level. This determines the amount and
type of output provided by the daemon about its operations. The
debug level is actually a bitmask, with individual bits enabling
different types of information.
Description Flag Nickname
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Certificate management 0x0001 cert
Key management 0x0002 key
Operational 0x0004 op
Phase 1 SA creation 0x0008 phase1
Phase 2 SA creation 0x0010 phase2
PF_KEY interface 0x0020 pfkey
Policy management 0x0040 policy
Proposal construction 0x0080 prop
Door interface 0x0100 door
Config file processing 0x0200 config
All debug flags 0x3ff all
When specifying the debug level, either a number (decimal or hexa‐
decimal) or a string of nicknames may be given. For example, 88,
0x58, and phase1+phase2+policy are all equivalent, and will turn on
debug for phase 1 sa creation, phase 2 sa creation, and policy man‐
agement. A string of nicknames may also be used to remove certain
types of information; all-op has the effect of turning on all debug
except for operational messages; it is equivalent to the numbers
1019 or 0x3fb.
priv
Specifies the daemon's access privilege level. The possible values
are:
Description Level Nickname
Base level 0 base
Access to preshared key info 1 modkeys
Access to keying material 2 keymat
By default, in.iked is started at the base level. A command-line
option can be used to start the daemon at a higher level. ikeadm
can be used to lower the level, but it cannot be used to raise the
level.
Either the numerical level or the nickname may be used to specify
the target privilege level.
In order to get, add, delete, dump, read, or write preshared keys,
the privilege level must at least give access to preshared key
information. However, when viewing preshared keys (either using the
get or dump command), the key itself will only be available if the
privilege level gives access to keying material. This is also the
case when viewing Phase 1 SAs.
stats
Global statistics from the daemon, covering both successful and
failed Phase 1 SA creation.
Reported statistics include:
o Count of current P1 SAs which the local entity initiated
o Count of current P1 SAs where the local entity was the
responder
o Count of all P1 SAs which the local entity initiated
since boot
o Count of all P1 SAs where the local entity was the
responder since boot
o Count of all attempted P1 SAs since boot, where the
local entity was the initiator; includes failed attempts
o Count of all attempted P1 SAs since boot, where the
local entity was the responder; includes failed attempts
o Count of all failed attempts to initiate a P1 SA, where
the failure occurred because the peer did not respond
o Count of all failed attempts to initiate a P1 SA, where
the peer responded
o Count of all failed P1 SAs where the peer was the ini‐
tiator
o Whether a PKCS#11 library is in use, and if applicable,
the PKCS#11 library that is loaded. See .
defaults
Display default values used by the in.iked daemon. Some values can
be overriden in the daemon configuration file (see ike.config(4));
for these values, the token name is displayed in the get defaults
output. The output will reflect where a configuration token has
changed the default.
Default values might be ignored in the event a peer system makes a
valid alternative proposal or they can be overriden by per-rule
values established in ike.config. In such instances, a get defaults
command continues to display the default values, not the values
used to override the defaults.
p1
An IKE Phase 1 SA. A p1 object is identified by an IP address pair
or a cookie pair; identification formats are described below.
rule
An IKE policy rule, defining the acceptable security characteris‐
tics for Phase 1 SAs between specified local and remote identities.
A rule is identified by its label; identification formats are
described below.
preshared
A preshared key, including the local and remote identification and
applicable IKE mode. A preshared key is identified by an IP address
pair or an identity pair; identification formats are described
below.
Id Formats
Commands like add, del, and get require that additional information be
specified on the command line. In the case of the delete and get com‐
mands, all that is required is to minimally identify a given object;
for the add command, the full object must be specified.
Minimal identification is accomplished in most cases by a pair of val‐
ues. For IP addresses, the local addr and then the remote addr are
specified, either in dot-notation for IPv4 addresses, colon-separated
hexadecimal format for IPv6 addresses, or a host name present in the
host name database. If a host name is given that expands to more than
one address, the requested operation will be performed multiple times,
once for each possible combination of addresses.
Identity pairs are made up of a local type-value pair, followed by the
remote type-value pair. Valid types are:
prefix
An address prefix.
fqdn
A fully-qualified domain name.
domain
Domain name, synonym for fqdn.
user_fqdn
User identity of the form user@fqdn.
mailbox
Synonym for user_fqdn.
A cookie pair is made up of the two cookies assigned to a Phase 1 Secu‐
rity Association (SA) when it is created; first is the initiator's,
followed by the responder's. A cookie is a 64-bit number.
Finally, a label (which is used to identify a policy rule) is a charac‐
ter string assigned to the rule when it is created.
Formatting a rule or preshared key for the add command follows the for‐
mat rules for the in.iked configuration files. Both are made up of a
series of id-value pairs, contained in curly braces ({ and }). See
ike.config(4) and ike.preshared(4) for details on the formatting of
rules and preshared keys.
SECURITY
The ikeadm command allows a privileged user to enter cryptographic key‐
ing information. If an adversary gains access to such information, the
security of IPsec traffic is compromised. The following issues should
be taken into account when using the ikeadm command.
o Is the TTY going over a network (interactive mode)?
If it is, then the security of the keying material is the
security of the network path for this TTY's traffic. Using
ikeadm over a clear-text telnet or rlogin session is risky.
Even local windows may be vulnerable to attacks where a con‐
cealed program that reads window events is present.
o Is the file accessed over the network or readable to the
world (read/write commands)?
A network-mounted file can be sniffed by an adversary as it
is being read. A world-readable file with keying material in
it is also risky.
If your source address is a host that can be looked up over the net‐
work, and your naming system itself is compromised, then any names used
will no longer be trustworthy.
Security weaknesses often lie in misapplication of tools, not the tools
themselves. It is recommended that administrators are cautious when
using the ikeadm command. The safest mode of operation is probably on a
console, or other hard-connected TTY.
For additional information regarding this subject, see the afterward by
Matt Blaze in Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algo‐
rithms, and Source Code in C.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Emptying out all Phase 1 Security Associations
The following command empties out all Phase 1 Security Associations:
example# ikeadm flush p1
Example 2 Displaying all Phase 1 Security Associations
The following command displays all Phase 1 Security Associations:
example# ikeadm dump p1
Example 3 Deleting a Specific Phase 1 Security Association
The following command deletes the specified Phase 1 Security Associa‐
tions:
example# ikeadm del p1 local_ip remote_ip
Example 4 Adding a Rule From a File
The following command adds a rule from a file:
example# ikeadm add rule rule_file
Example 5 Adding a Preshared Key
The following command adds a preshared key:
example# ikeadm
ikeadm> add preshared { localidtype ip localid local_ip
remoteidtype ip remoteid remote_ip ike_mode main
key 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef }
Example 6 Saving All Preshared Keys to a File
The following command saves all preshared keys to a file:
example# ikeadm write preshared target_file
Example 7 Viewing a Particular Rule
The following command views a particular rule:
example# ikeadm get rule rule_label
Example 8 Reading in New Rules from ike.config
The following command reads in new rules from the ike.config file:
example# ikeadm read rules
Example 9 Lowering the Privilege Level
The following command lowers the privilege level:
example# ikeadm set priv base
Example 10 Viewing the Debug Level
The following command shows the current debug level
example# ikeadm get debug
Example 11 Using stats to Verify Hardware Accelerator
The following example shows how stats may include an optional line at
the end to indicate if IKE is using a PKCS#11 library to accelerate
public-key operations, if applicable.
example# ikeadm get stats
Phase 1 SA counts:
Current: initiator: 0 responder: 0
Total: initiator: 21 responder: 27
Attempted:initiator: 21 responder: 27
Failed: initiator: 0 responder: 0
initiator fails include 0 time-out(s)
PKCS#11 library linked in from /opt/SUNWconn/lib/libpkcs11.so
example#
Example 12 Displaying the Certificate Cache
The following command shows the certificate cache and the status of
associated private keys, if applicable:
example# ikeadm dump certcache
Example 13 Logging into a PKCS#11 Token
The following command shows logging into a PKCS#11 token object and
unlocking private keys:
example# ikeadm token login "Sun Metaslot"
Enter PIN for PKCS#11 token:
ikeadm: PKCS#11 operation successful
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
non-zero An error occurred. Writes an appropriate error message to
standard error.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Availability │SUNWcsu │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Interface Stability │Not an Interface │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOin.iked(1M), ike.config(4), ike.preshared(4), attributes(5), ipsec(7P)
Schneier, Bruce, Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and
Source Code in C, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY,
1996.
NOTES
As in.iked can run only in the global zone and exclusive-IP zones, this
command is not useful in shared-IP zones.
SunOS 5.10 27 Jan 2009 ikeadm(1M)
