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LIBRADIUS(3)		 BSD Library Functions Manual		  LIBRADIUS(3)

NAME
     libradius — RADIUS client/server library

SYNOPSIS
     #include <radlib.h>

     struct rad_handle *
     rad_acct_open(void);

     int
     rad_add_server(struct rad_handle *h, const char *host, int port,
	 const char *secret, int timeout, int max_tries);

     struct rad_handle *
     rad_auth_open(void);

     void
     rad_close(struct rad_handle *h);

     int
     rad_config(struct rad_handle *h, const char *file);

     int
     rad_continue_send_request(struct rad_handle *h, int selected, int *fd,
	 struct timeval *tv);

     int
     rad_create_request(struct rad_handle *h, int code);

     int
     rad_create_response(struct rad_handle *h, int code);

     struct in_addr
     rad_cvt_addr(const void *data);

     u_int32_t
     rad_cvt_int(const void *data);

     char *
     rad_cvt_string(const void *data, size_t len);

     int
     rad_get_attr(struct rad_handle *h, const void **data, size_t *len);

     int
     rad_get_vendor_attr(u_int32_t *vendor, const void **data, size_t *len);

     int
     rad_init_send_request(struct rad_handle *h, int *fd, struct timeval *tv);

     int
     rad_put_addr(struct rad_handle *h, int type, struct in_addr addr);

     int
     rad_put_attr(struct rad_handle *h, int type, const void *data,
	 size_t len);

     int
     rad_put_int(struct rad_handle *h, int type, u_int32_t value);

     int
     rad_put_string(struct rad_handle *h, int type, const char *str);

     int
     rad_put_message_authentic(struct rad_handle *h);

     int
     rad_put_vendor_addr(struct rad_handle *h, int vendor, int type,
	 struct in_addr addr);

     int
     rad_put_vendor_attr(struct rad_handle *h, int vendor, int type,
	 const void *data, size_t len);

     int
     rad_put_vendor_int(struct rad_handle *h, int vendor, int type,
	 u_int32_t value);

     int
     rad_put_vendor_string(struct rad_handle *h, int vendor, int type,
	 const char *str);

     ssize_t
     rad_request_authenticator(struct rad_handle *h, char *buf, size_t len);

     int
     rad_receive_request(struct rad_handle *h);

     int
     rad_send_request(struct rad_handle *h);

     int
     rad_send_response(struct rad_handle *h);

     struct rad_handle *
     rad_server_open(int fd);

     const char *
     rad_server_secret(struct rad_handle *h);

     u_char *
     rad_demangle(struct rad_handle *h, const void *mangled, size_t mlen);

     u_char *
     rad_demangle_mppe_key(struct rad_handle *h, const void *mangled,
	 size_t mlen, size_t *len);

     const char *
     rad_strerror(struct rad_handle *h);

DESCRIPTION
     The libradius library implements the Remote Authentication Dial In User
     Service (RADIUS).	RADIUS, defined in RFCs 2865 and 2866, allows clients
     to perform authentication and accounting by means of network requests to
     remote servers.

   Initialization
     To use the library, an application must first call rad_auth_open() ,
     rad_acct_open() or rad_server_open() to obtain a struct rad_handle *,
     which provides the context for subsequent operations.  The former func‐
     tion is used for RADIUS authentication and the latter is used for RADIUS
     accounting.  Calls to rad_auth_open() , rad_acct_open() and
     rad_server_open() always succeed unless insufficient virtual memory is
     available.	 If the necessary memory cannot be allocated, the functions
     return NULL.  For compatibility with earlier versions of this library,
     rad_open() is provided as a synonym for rad_auth_open().

     Before issuing any RADIUS requests, the library must be made aware of the
     servers it can contact.  The easiest way to configure the library is to
     call rad_config().	 rad_config() causes the library to read a configura‐
     tion file whose format is described in radius.conf(5).  The pathname of
     the configuration file is passed as the file argument to rad_config().
     This argument may also be given as NULL, in which case the standard con‐
     figuration file /etc/radius.conf is used.	rad_config() returns 0 on suc‐
     cess, or -1 if an error occurs.

     The library can also be configured programmatically by calls to
     rad_add_server().	The host parameter specifies the server host, either
     as a fully qualified domain name or as a dotted-quad IP address in text
     form.  The port parameter specifies the UDP port to contact on the
     server.  If port is given as 0, the library looks up the ‘radius/udp’ or
     ‘radacct/udp’ service in the network services(5) database, and uses the
     port found there.	If no entry is found, the library uses the standard
     RADIUS ports, 1812 for authentication and 1813 for accounting.  The
     shared secret for the server host is passed to the secret parameter.  It
     may be any NUL-terminated string of bytes.	 The RADIUS protocol ignores
     all but the leading 128 bytes of the shared secret.  The timeout for
     receiving replies from the server is passed to the timeout parameter, in
     units of seconds.	The maximum number of repeated requests to make before
     giving up is passed into the max_tries parameter.	rad_add_server()
     returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.

     rad_add_server() may be called multiple times, and it may be used
     together with rad_config().  At most 10 servers may be specified.	When
     multiple servers are given, they are tried in round-robin fashion until a
     valid response is received, or until each server's max_tries limit has
     been reached.

   Creating a RADIUS Request
     A RADIUS request consists of a code specifying the kind of request, and
     zero or more attributes which provide additional information.  To begin
     constructing a new request, call rad_create_request().  In addition to
     the usual struct rad_handle *, this function takes a code parameter which
     specifies the type of the request.	 Most often this will be
     RAD_ACCESS_REQUEST.  rad_create_request() returns 0 on success, or -1 on
     if an error occurs.

     After the request has been created with rad_create_request(), attributes
     can be attached to it.  This is done through calls to rad_put_addr(),
     rad_put_int(), and rad_put_string().  Each accepts a type parameter iden‐
     tifying the attribute, and a value which may be an Internet address, an
     integer, or a NUL-terminated string, respectively.	 Alternatively,
     rad_put_vendor_addr(), rad_put_vendor_int() or rad_put_vendor_string()
     may be used to specify vendor specific attributes.	 Vendor specific defi‐
     nitions may be found in <radlib_vs.h>

     The library also provides a function rad_put_attr() which can be used to
     supply a raw, uninterpreted attribute.  The data argument points to an
     array of bytes, and the len argument specifies its length.

     It is possible adding the Message-Authenticator to the request.  This is
     an HMAC-MD5 hash of the entire Access-Request packet (see RFC 3579).
     This attribute must be present in any packet that includes an EAP-Message
     attribute.	 It can be added by using the rad_put_message_authentic()
     function.	The libradius library calculates the HMAC-MD5 hash implicitly
     before sending the request.  If the Message-Authenticator was found
     inside the response packet, then the packet is silently dropped, if the
     validation failed.	 In order to get this feature, the library should be
     compiled with OpenSSL support.

     The rad_put_X() functions return 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.

   Sending the Request and Receiving the Response
     After the RADIUS request has been constructed, it is sent either by means
     of rad_send_request() or by a combination of calls to
     rad_init_send_request() and rad_continue_send_request().

     The rad_send_request() function sends the request and waits for a valid
     reply, retrying the defined servers in round-robin fashion as necessary.
     If a valid response is received, rad_send_request() returns the RADIUS
     code which specifies the type of the response.  This will typically be
     RAD_ACCESS_ACCEPT, RAD_ACCESS_REJECT, or RAD_ACCESS_CHALLENGE.  If no
     valid response is received, rad_send_request() returns -1.

     As an alternative, if you do not wish to block waiting for a response,
     rad_init_send_request() and rad_continue_send_request() may be used
     instead.  If a reply is received from the RADIUS server or a timeout
     occurs, these functions return a value as described for
     rad_send_request().  Otherwise, a value of zero is returned and the val‐
     ues pointed to by fd and tv are set to the descriptor and timeout that
     should be passed to select(2).

     rad_init_send_request() must be called first, followed by repeated calls
     to rad_continue_send_request() as long as a return value of zero is
     given.  Between each call, the application should call select(2), passing
     *fd as a read descriptor and timing out after the interval specified by
     tv.  When select(2) returns, rad_continue_send_request() should be called
     with selected set to a non-zero value if select(2) indicated that the
     descriptor is readable.

     Like RADIUS requests, each response may contain zero or more attributes.
     After a response has been received successfully by rad_send_request() or
     rad_continue_send_request(), its attributes can be extracted one by one
     using rad_get_attr().  Each time rad_get_attr() is called, it gets the
     next attribute from the current response, and stores a pointer to the
     data and the length of the data via the reference parameters data and
     len, respectively.	 Note that the data resides in the response itself,
     and must not be modified.	A successful call to rad_get_attr() returns
     the RADIUS attribute type.	 If no more attributes remain in the current
     response, rad_get_attr() returns 0.  If an error such as a malformed
     attribute is detected, -1 is returned.

     If rad_get_attr() returns RAD_VENDOR_SPECIFIC, rad_get_vendor_attr() may
     be called to determine the vendor.	 The vendor specific RADIUS attribute
     type is returned.	The reference parameters data and len (as returned
     from rad_get_attr()) are passed to rad_get_vendor_attr(), and are
     adjusted to point to the vendor specific attribute data.

     The common types of attributes can be decoded using rad_cvt_addr(),
     rad_cvt_int(), and rad_cvt_string().  These functions accept a pointer to
     the attribute data, which should have been obtained using rad_get_attr()
     and optionally rad_get_vendor_attr().  In the case of rad_cvt_string(),
     the length len must also be given.	 These functions interpret the
     attribute as an Internet address, an integer, or a string, respectively,
     and return its value.  rad_cvt_string() returns its value as a
     NUL-terminated string in dynamically allocated memory.  The application
     should free the string using free(3) when it is no longer needed.

     If insufficient virtual memory is available, rad_cvt_string() returns
     NULL.  rad_cvt_addr() and rad_cvt_int() cannot fail.

     The rad_request_authenticator() function may be used to obtain the
     Request-Authenticator attribute value associated with the current RADIUS
     server according to the supplied rad_handle.  The target buffer buf of
     length len must be supplied and should be at least 16 bytes.  The return
     value is the number of bytes written to buf or -1 to indicate that len
     was not large enough.

     The rad_server_secret() returns the secret shared with the current RADIUS
     server according to the supplied rad_handle.

     The rad_demangle() function demangles attributes containing passwords and
     MS-CHAPv1 MPPE-Keys.  The return value is NULL on failure, or the plain‐
     text attribute.  This value should be freed using free(3) when it is no
     longer needed.

     The rad_demangle_mppe_key() function demangles the send- and recv-keys
     when using MPPE (see RFC 2548).  The return value is NULL on failure, or
     the plaintext attribute.  This value should be freed using free(3) when
     it is no longer needed.

   Obtaining Error Messages
     Those functions which accept a struct rad_handle * argument record an
     error message if they fail.  The error message can be retrieved by call‐
     ing rad_strerror().  The message text is overwritten on each new error
     for the given struct rad_handle *.	 Thus the message must be copied if it
     is to be preserved through subsequent library calls using the same han‐
     dle.

   Cleanup
     To free the resources used by the RADIUS library, call rad_close().

   Server operation
     Server mode operates much alike to client mode, except packet send and
     receieve steps are swapped. To operate as server you should obtain server
     context with rad_server_open() function, passing opened and bound UDP
     socket file descriptor as argument.  You should define allowed clients
     and their secrets using rad_add_server() function. port, timeout and
     max_tries arguments are ignored in server mode.  You should call
     rad_receive_request() function to receive request from client. If you do
     not want to block on socket read, you are free to use any poll(),
     select() or non-blocking sockets for the socket.  Received request can be
     parsed with same parsing functions as for client.	To respond to the
     request you should call rad_create_response() and fill response content
     with same packet writing functions as for client.	When packet is ready,
     it should be sent with rad_send_response()

RETURN VALUES
     The following functions return a non-negative value on success.  If they
     detect an error, they return -1 and record an error message which can be
     retrieved using rad_strerror().

	   rad_add_server()
	   rad_config()
	   rad_create_request()
	   rad_create_response()
	   rad_get_attr()
	   rad_put_addr()
	   rad_put_attr()
	   rad_put_int()
	   rad_put_string()
	   rad_put_message_authentic()
	   rad_init_send_request()
	   rad_continue_send_request()
	   rad_send_request()
	   rad_send_response()

     The following functions return a non-NULL pointer on success.  If they
     are unable to allocate sufficient virtual memory, they return NULL, with‐
     out recording an error message.

	   rad_acct_open()
	   rad_auth_open()
	   rad_server_open()
	   rad_cvt_string()

     The following functions return a non-NULL pointer on success.  If they
     fail, they return NULL, with recording an error message.

	   rad_demangle()
	   rad_demangle_mppe_key()

FILES
     /etc/radius.conf

SEE ALSO
     radius.conf(5)

     C. Rigney, et al, Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS),
     RFC 2865.

     C. Rigney, RADIUS Accounting, RFC 2866.

     G. Zorn, Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS attributes, RFC 2548.

     C. Rigney, et al, RADIUS extensions, RFC 2869.

AUTHORS
     This software was originally written by John Polstra, and donated to the
     FreeBSD project by Juniper Networks, Inc.	Oleg Semyonov subsequently
     added the ability to perform RADIUS accounting.  Later additions and
     changes by Michael Bretterklieber.	 Server mode support was added by
     Alexander Motin.

BSD				August 5, 2009				   BSD
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