OPENAIS_CONF(5) Openais Programmer's Manual OPENAIS_CONF(5)NAMEopenais.conf - openais executive configuration file
SYNOPSIS
/etc/ais/openais.conf
DESCRIPTION
The openais.conf instructs the openais executive about various parame‐
ters needed to control the openais executive. The configuration file
consists of bracketed top level directives. The possible directive
choices are totem { } , logging { } , event { } , and amf { }.
These directives are described below.
totem { }
This top level directive contains configuration options for the
totem protocol.
logging { }
This top level directive contains configuration options for log‐
ging.
event { }
This top level directive contains configuration options for the
event service.
amf { }
This top level directive contains configuration options for the
AMF service.
Within the totem directive, an interface directive is required. There
is also one configuration option which is required:
Within the interface sub-directive of totem there are four parameters
which are required:
ringnumber
This specifies the ring number for the interface. When using
the redundant ring protocol, each interface should specify sepa‐
rate ring numbers to uniquely identify to the membership proto‐
col which interface to use for which redundant ring.
bindnetaddr
This specifies the address which the openais executive should
bind. This address should always end in zero. If the totem
traffic should be routed over 192.168.5.92, set bindnetaddr to
192.168.5.0.
This may also be an IPV6 address, in which case IPV6 networking
will be used. In this case, the full address must be specified
and there is no automatic selection of the network interface
within a specific subnet as with IPv4.
If IPv6 networking is used, the nodeid field must be specified.
mcastaddr
This is the multicast address used by openais executive. The
default should work for most networks, but the network adminis‐
trator should be queried about a multicast address to use.
Avoid 224.x.x.x because this is a "config" multicast address.
This may also be an IPV6 multicast address, in which case IPV6
networking will be used. If IPv6 networking is used, the nodeid
field must be specified.
mcastport
This specifies the UDP port number. It is possible to use the
same multicast address on a network with the openais services
configured for different UDP ports.
Within the totem directive, there are seven configuration options of
which one is required, five are optional, and one is required when IPV6
is configured in the interface subdirective. The required directive
controls the version of the totem configuration. The optional option
unless using IPV6 directive controls identification of the processor.
The optional options control secrecy and authentication, the redundant
ring mode of operation, maximum network MTU, and number of sending
threads, and the nodeid field.
version
This specifies the version of the configuration file. Currently
the only valid version for this directive is 2.
nodeid This configuration option is optional when using IPv4 and
required when using IPv6. This is a 32 bit value specifying the
node identifier delivered to the cluster membership service. If
this is not specified with IPv4, the node id will be determined
from the 32 bit IP address the system to which the system is
bound with ring identifier of 0. The node identifier value of
zero is reserved and should not be used.
secauth
This specifies that HMAC/SHA1 authentication should be used to
authenticate all messages. It further specifies that all data
should be encrypted with the sober128 encryption algorithm to
protect data from eavesdropping.
Enabling this option adds a 36 byte header to every message sent
by totem which reduces total throughput. Encryption and authen‐
tication consume 75% of CPU cycles in aisexec as measured with
gprof when enabled.
For 100mbit networks with 1500 MTU frame transmissions: A
throughput of 9mb/sec is possible with 100% cpu utilization when
this option is enabled on 3ghz cpus. A throughput of 10mb/sec
is possible wth 20% cpu utilization when this optin is disabled
on 3ghz cpus.
For gig-e networks with large frame transmissions: A throughput
of 20mb/sec is possible when this option is enabled on 3ghz
cpus. A throughput of 60mb/sec is possible when this option is
disabled on 3ghz cpus.
The default is on.
rrp_mode
This specifies the mode of redundant ring, which may be none,
active, or passive. Active replication offers slightly lower
latency from transmit to delivery in faulty network environments
but with less performance. Passive replication may nearly dou‐
ble the speed of the totem protocol if the protocol doesn't
become cpu bound. The final option is none, in which case only
one network interface will be used to operate the totem proto‐
col.
If only one interface directive is specified, none is automati‐
cally chosen. If multiple interface directives are specified,
only active or passive may be chosen.
netmtu This specifies the network maximum transmit unit. To set this
value beyond 1500, the regular frame MTU, requires ethernet
devices that support large, or also called jumbo, frames. If
any device in the network doesn't support large frames, the pro‐
tocol will not operate properly. The hosts must also have their
mtu size set from 1500 to whatever frame size is specified here.
Please note while some NICs or switches claim large frame sup‐
port, they support 9000 MTU as the maximum frame size including
the IP header. Setting the netmtu and host MTUs to 9000 will
cause totem to use the full 9000 bytes of the frame. Then Linux
will add a 18 byte header moving the full frame size to 9018.
As a result some hardware will not operate properly with this
size of data. A netmtu of 8982 seems to work for the few large
frame devices that have been tested. Some manufacturers claim
large frame support when in fact they support frame sizes of
4500 bytes.
Increasing the MTU from 1500 to 8982 doubles throughput perfor‐
mance from 30MB/sec to 60MB/sec as measured with evsbench with
175000 byte messages with the secauth directive set to off.
When sending multicast traffic, if the network frequently recon‐
figures, chances are that some device in the network doesn't
support large frames.
Choose hardware carefully if intending to use large frame sup‐
port.
The default is 1500.
threads
This directive controls how many threads are used to encrypt and
send multicast messages. If secauth is off, the protocol will
never use threaded sending. If secauth is on, this directive
allows systems to be configured to use multiple threads to
encrypt and send multicast messages.
A thread directive of 0 indicates that no threaded send should
be used. This mode offers best performance for non-SMP systems.
The default is 0.
vsftype
This directive controls the virtual synchrony filter type used
to identify a primary component. The preferred choice is YKD
dynamic linear voting, however, for clusters larger then 32
nodes YKD consumes alot of memory. For large scale clusters
that are created by changing the MAX_PROCESSORS_COUNT #define in
the C code totem.h file, the virtual synchrony filter "none" is
recommended but then AMF and DLCK services (which are currently
experimental) are not safe for use.
The default is ykd. The vsftype can also be set to none.
Within the totem directive, there are several configuration
options which are used to control the operation of the protocol.
It is generally not recommended to change any of these values
without proper guidance and sufficient testing. Some networks
may require larger values if suffering from frequent reconfigu‐
rations. Some applications may require faster failure detection
times which can be achieved by reducing the token timeout.
token This timeout specifies in milliseconds until a token loss is
declared after not receiving a token. This is the time spent
detecting a failure of a processor in the current configuration.
Reforming a new configuration takes about 50 milliseconds in
addition to this timeout.
The default is 1000 milliseconds.
token_retransmit
This timeout specifies in milliseconds after how long before
receiving a token the token is retransmitted. This will be
automatically calculated if token is modified. It is not recom‐
mended to alter this value without guidance from the openais
community.
The default is 238 milliseconds.
hold This timeout specifies in milliseconds how long the token should
be held by the representative when the protocol is under low
utilization. It is not recommended to alter this value without
guidance from the openais community.
The default is 180 milliseconds.
retransmits_before_loss
This value identifies how many token retransmits should be
attempted before forming a new configuration. If this value is
set, retransmit and hold will be automatically calculated from
retransmits_before_loss and token.
The default is 4 retransmissions.
join This timeout specifies in milliseconds how long to wait for join
messages in the membership protocol.
The default is 100 milliseconds.
send_join
This timeout specifies in milliseconds an upper range between 0
and send_join to wait before sending a join message. For con‐
figurations with less then 32 nodes, this parameter is not nec‐
essary. For larger rings, this parameter is necessary to ensure
the NIC is not overflowed with join messages on formation of a
new ring. A reasonable value for large rings (128 nodes) would
be 80msec. Other timer values must also change if this value is
changed. Seek advice from the openais mailing list if trying to
run larger configurations.
The default is 0 milliseconds.
consensus
This timeout specifies in milliseconds how long to wait for con‐
sensus to be achieved before starting a new round of membership
configuration.
The default is 200 milliseconds.
merge This timeout specifies in milliseconds how long to wait before
checking for a partition when no multicast traffic is being
sent. If multicast traffic is being sent, the merge detection
happens automatically as a function of the protocol.
The default is 200 milliseconds.
downcheck
This timeout specifies in milliseconds how long to wait before
checking that a network interface is back up after it has been
downed.
The default is 1000 millseconds.
fail_to_recv_const
This constant specifies how many rotations of the token without
receiving any of the messages when messages should be received
may occur before a new configuration is formed.
The default is 50 failures to receive a message.
seqno_unchanged_const
This constant specifies how many rotations of the token without
any multicast traffic should occur before the merge detection
timeout is started.
The default is 30 rotations.
heartbeat_failures_allowed
[HeartBeating mechanism] Configures the optional HeartBeating
mechanism for faster failure detection. Keep in mind that engag‐
ing this mechanism in lossy networks could cause faulty loss
declaration as the mechanism relies on the network for heart‐
beating.
So as a rule of thumb use this mechanism if you require improved
failure in low to medium utilized networks.
This constant specifies the number of heartbeat failures the
system should tolerate before declaring heartbeat failure e.g 3.
Also if this value is not set or is 0 then the heartbeat mecha‐
nism is not engaged in the system and token rotation is the
method of failure detection
The default is 0 (disabled).
max_network_delay
[HeartBeating mechanism] This constant specifies in milliseconds
the approximate delay that your network takes to transport one
packet from one machine to another. This value is to be set by
system engineers and please dont change if not sure as this
effects the failure detection mechanism using heartbeat.
The default is 50 milliseconds.
window_size
This constant specifies the maximum number of messages that may
be sent on one token rotation. If all processors perform
equally well, this value could be large (300), which would
introduce higher latency from origination to delivery for very
large rings. To reduce latency in large rings(16+), the
defaults are a safe compromise. If 1 or more slow processor(s)
are present among fast processors, window_size should be no
larger then 256000 / netmtu to avoid overflow of the kernel
receive buffers. The user is notified of this by the display of
a retransmit list in the notification logs. There is no loss of
data, but performance is reduced when these errors occur.
The default is 50 messages.
max_messages
This constant specifies the maximum number of messages that may
be sent by one processor on receipt of the token. The max_mes‐
sages parameter is limited to 256000 / netmtu to prevent over‐
flow of the kernel transmit buffers.
The default is 17 messages.
rrp_problem_count_timeout
This specifies the time in milliseconds to wait before decre‐
menting the problem count by 1 for a particular ring to ensure a
link is not marked faulty for transient network failures.
The default is 1000 milliseconds.
rrp_problem_count_threshold
This specifies the number of times a problem is detected with a
link before setting the link faulty. Once a link is set faulty,
no more data is transmitted upon it. Also, the problem counter
is no longer decremented when the problem count timeout expires.
A problem is detected whenever all tokens from the proceeding
processor have not been received within the
rrp_token_expired_timeout. The rrp_problem_count_threshold *
rrp_token_expired_timeout should be atleast 50 milliseconds less
then the token timeout, or a complete reconfiguration may occur.
The default is 20 problem counts.
rrp_token_expired_timeout
This specifies the time in milliseconds to increment the problem
counter for the redundant ring protocol after not having
received a token from all rings for a particular processor.
This value will automatically be calculated from the token time‐
out and problem_count_threshold but may be overridden. It is
not recommended to override this value without guidance from the
openais community.
The default is 47 milliseconds.
Within the logging directive, there are seven configuration options
which are all optional:
to_stderr
to_file
to_syslog
These specify the destination of logging output. Any combination
of these options may be specified. Valid options are yes and no.
The default is syslog and stderr.
logfile
If the to_file directive is set to yes , this option specifies
the pathname of the log file.
No default.
debug This specifies whether debug output is logged for all services.
This is generally a bad idea, unless there is some specific bug
or problem that must be found in the executive. Set the value to
on to debug, off to turn off debugging. If enabled, individual
loggers can be disabled using a logger_subsys directive.
The default is off.
timestamp
This specifies that a timestamp is placed on all log messages.
The default is off.
fileline
This specifies that file and line should be printed instead of
logger name.
The default is off.
syslog_facility
This specifies the syslog facility type that will be used for
any messages sent to syslog. options are daemon, local0, local1,
local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 & local7.
The default is daemon.
Within the logging directive, logger directives are optional.
Within the logger_subsys sub-directive of logging there are three con‐
figuration options:
subsys This specifies the subsystem identity (name) for which logging
is specified. This is the name used by a service in the log_init
() call. E.g. 'CKPT'. This directive is required.
debug This specifies whether debug output is logged for this particu‐
lar logger.
The default is off.
syslog_level
This specifies the syslog level for this particular subsystem.
Ignored if debug is on. Possible values are: alert, crit, debug
(same as debug = on), emerg, err, info, notice, warning.
The default is: info.
tags This specifies which tags should be traced for this particular
logger. Set debug directive to on in order to enable tracing
using tags. Values are specified using a vertical bar as a log‐
ical OR separator:
enter|leave|trace1|trace2|trace3|...
The default is none.
Within the event directive, there are two configuration options which
are all optional:
delivery_queue_size
This directive describes the full size of the outgoing delivery
queue to the application. If applications are slow to process
messages, they will be delivered event loss messages. By
increasing this value, the applications that are slowly process‐
ing messages may have an opportunity to catch up.
delivery_queue_resume
This directive describes when new events can be accepted by the
event service when the delivery queue count of pending messages
has reached this value. Please note this is not cluster wide.
Within the amf directive, there is one configuration option which is
optional:
mode This can either contain the value enabled or disabled. When
enabled, AMF will start the applications specified in the
/etc/ais/amf.conf file. The default is disabled.
FILES
/etc/ais/openais.conf
The openais executive configuration file.
/etc/ais/amf.conf
The openais AMF configuration file.
SEE ALSOopenais_overview(8),README.amf
openais Man Page 2006-03-28 OPENAIS_CONF(5)
