PAM_CRACKLIB(8) Linux-PAM Manual PAM_CRACKLIB(8)NAMEpam_cracklib - PAM module to check the password against dictionary
words
SYNOPSIS
pam_cracklib.so [...]
DESCRIPTION
This module can be plugged into the password stack of a given
application to provide some plug-in strength-checking for passwords.
The action of this module is to prompt the user for a password and
check its strength against a system dictionary and a set of rules for
identifying poor choices.
The first action is to prompt for a single password, check its strength
and then, if it is considered strong, prompt for the password a second
time (to verify that it was typed correctly on the first occasion). All
being well, the password is passed on to subsequent modules to be
installed as the new authentication token.
The strength checks works in the following manner: at first the
Cracklib routine is called to check if the password is part of a
dictionary; if this is not the case an additional set of strength
checks is done. These checks are:
Palindrome
Is the new password a palindrome?
Case Change Only
Is the new password the the old one with only a change of case?
Similar
Is the new password too much like the old one? This is primarily
controlled by one argument, difok which is a number of character
changes (inserts, removals, or replacements) between the old and
new password that are enough to accept the new password. This
defaults to 5 changes.
Simple Is the new password too small? This is controlled by 6 arguments
minlen, maxclassrepeat, dcredit, ucredit, lcredit, and ocredit.
See the section on the arguments for the details of how these
work and there defaults.
Rotated
Is the new password a rotated version of the old password?
Already used
Was the password used in the past? Previously used passwords are
to be found in /etc/security/opasswd.
Same consecutive characters
Optional check for same consecutive characters.
Contains user name
Optional check whether the password contains the user's name in
some form.
This module with no arguments will work well for standard unix password
encryption. With md5 encryption, passwords can be longer than 8
characters and the default settings for this module can make it hard
for the user to choose a satisfactory new password. Notably, the
requirement that the new password contain no more than 1/2 of the
characters in the old password becomes a non-trivial constraint. For
example, an old password of the form "the quick brown fox jumped over
the lazy dogs" would be difficult to change... In addition, the default
action is to allow passwords as small as 5 characters in length. For a
md5 systems it can be a good idea to increase the required minimum size
of a password. One can then allow more credit for different kinds of
characters but accept that the new password may share most of these
characters with the old password.
OPTIONS
debug This option makes the module write information to syslog(3)
indicating the behavior of the module (this option does not
write password information to the log file).
type=XXX
The default action is for the module to use the following
prompts when requesting passwords: "New UNIX password: " and
"Retype UNIX password: ". The default word UNIX can be replaced
with this option.
retry=N
Prompt user at most N times before returning with error. The
default is 1.
difok=N
This argument will change the default of 5 for the number of
character changes in the new password that differentiate it from
the old password.
minlen=N
The minimum acceptable size for the new password (plus one if
credits are not disabled which is the default). In addition to
the number of characters in the new password, credit (of +1 in
length) is given for each different kind of character (other,
upper, lower and digit). The default for this parameter is 9
which is good for a old style UNIX password all of the same type
of character but may be too low to exploit the added security of
a md5 system. Note that there is a pair of length limits in
Cracklib itself, a "way too short" limit of 4 which is hard
coded in and a defined limit (6) that will be checked without
reference to minlen. If you want to allow passwords as short as
5 characters you should not use this module.
dcredit=N
(N >= 0) This is the maximum credit for having digits in the new
password. If you have less than or N digits, each digit will
count +1 towards meeting the current minlen value. The default
for dcredit is 1 which is the recommended value for minlen less
than 10.
(N < 0) This is the minimum number of digits that must be met
for a new password.
ucredit=N
(N >= 0) This is the maximum credit for having upper case
letters in the new password. If you have less than or N upper
case letters each letter will count +1 towards meeting the
current minlen value. The default for ucredit is 1 which is the
recommended value for minlen less than 10.
(N < 0) This is the minimum number of upper case letters that
must be met for a new password.
lcredit=N
(N >= 0) This is the maximum credit for having lower case
letters in the new password. If you have less than or N lower
case letters, each letter will count +1 towards meeting the
current minlen value. The default for lcredit is 1 which is the
recommended value for minlen less than 10.
(N < 0) This is the minimum number of lower case letters that
must be met for a new password.
ocredit=N
(N >= 0) This is the maximum credit for having other characters
in the new password. If you have less than or N other
characters, each character will count +1 towards meeting the
current minlen value. The default for ocredit is 1 which is the
recommended value for minlen less than 10.
(N < 0) This is the minimum number of other characters that must
be met for a new password.
minclass=N
The minimum number of required classes of characters for the new
password. The default number is zero. The four classes are
digits, upper and lower letters and other characters. The
difference to the credit check is that a specific class if of
characters is not required. Instead N out of four of the classes
are required.
maxrepeat=N
Reject passwords which contain more than N same consecutive
characters. The default is 0 which means that this check is
disabled.
maxclassrepeat=N
Reject passwords which contain more than N consecutive
characters of the same class. The default is 0 which means that
this check is disabled.
reject_username
Check whether the name of the user in straight or reversed form
is contained in the new password. If it is found the new
password is rejected.
gecoscheck
Check whether the words from the GECOS field (usualy full name
of the user) longer than 3 characters in straight or reversed
form are contained in the new password. If any such word is
found the new password is rejected.
use_authtok
This argument is used to force the module to not prompt the user
for a new password but use the one provided by the previously
stacked password module.
dictpath=/path/to/dict
Path to the cracklib dictionaries.
MODULE SERVICES PROVIDED
Only he password service is supported.
RETURN VALUES
PAM_SUCCESS
The new password passes all checks.
PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR
No new password was entered, the username could not be
determined or the new password fails the strength checks.
PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVERY_ERR
The old password was not supplied by a previous stacked module
or got not requested from the user. The first error can happen
if use_authtok is specified.
PAM_SERVICE_ERR
A internal error occurred.
EXAMPLES
For an example of the use of this module, we show how it may be stacked
with the password component of pam_unix(8)
#
# These lines stack two password type modules. In this example the
# user is given 3 opportunities to enter a strong password. The
# "use_authtok" argument ensures that the pam_unix module does not
# prompt for a password, but instead uses the one provided by
# pam_cracklib.
#
passwd password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3
passwd password required pam_unix.so use_authtok
Another example (in the /etc/pam.d/passwd format) is for the case that
you want to use md5 password encryption:
#%PAM-1.0
#
# These lines allow a md5 systems to support passwords of at least 14
# bytes with extra credit of 2 for digits and 2 for others the new
# password must have at least three bytes that are not present in the
# old password
#
password required pam_cracklib.so \
difok=3 minlen=15 dcredit= 2 ocredit=2
password required pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5
And here is another example in case you don't want to use credits:
#%PAM-1.0
#
# These lines require the user to select a password with a minimum
# length of 8 and with at least 1 digit number, 1 upper case letter,
# and 1 other character
#
password required pam_cracklib.so \
dcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 ocredit=-1 lcredit=0 minlen=8
password required pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5
SEE ALSOpam.conf(5), pam.d(5), pam(8)AUTHORpam_cracklib was written by Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com>
Linux-PAM Manual 01/09/2013 PAM_CRACKLIB(8)
