PP(1) User Contributed Perl Documentation PP(1)NAME
pp - PAR Packager
SYNOPSIS
pp [ -ABCEFILMPTSVXacdefghilmnoprsvxz ] [ parfile | scriptfile ]...
EXAMPLES
Note: When running on Microsoft Windows, the a.out below will be
replaced by a.exe instead.
% pp hello.pl # Pack 'hello.pl' into executable 'a.out'
% pp -o hello hello.pl # Pack 'hello.pl' into executable 'hello'
# (or 'hello.exe' on Win32)
% pp -o foo foo.pl bar.pl # Pack 'foo.pl' and 'bar.pl' into 'foo'
% ./foo # Run 'foo.pl' inside 'foo'
% mv foo bar; ./bar # Run 'bar.pl' inside 'foo'
% mv bar baz; ./baz # Error: Can't open perl script "baz"
% pp -p file # Creates a PAR file, 'a.par'
% pp -o hello a.par # Pack 'a.par' to executable 'hello'
% pp -S -o hello file # Combine the two steps above
% pp -p -o out.par file # Creates 'out.par' from 'file'
% pp -B -p -o out.par file # same as above, but bundles core modules
# and removes any local paths from @INC
% pp -P -o out.pl file # Creates 'out.pl' from 'file'
% pp -B -p -o out.pl file # same as above, but bundles core modules
# and removes any local paths from @INC
# (-B is assumed when making executables)
% pp -e "print 123" # Pack a one-liner into 'a.out'
% pp -p -e "print 123" # Creates a PAR file 'a.par'
% pp -P -e "print 123" # Creates a perl script 'a.pl'
% pp -c hello # Check dependencies from "perl -c hello"
% pp -x hello # Check dependencies from "perl hello"
% pp -n -x hello # same as above, but skips static scanning
% pp -I /foo hello # Extra include paths
% pp -M Foo::Bar hello # Extra modules in the include path
% pp -M abbrev.pl hello # Extra libraries in the include path
% pp -X Foo::Bar hello # Exclude modules
% pp -a data.txt hello # Additional data files
% pp -r hello # Pack 'hello' into 'a.out', runs 'a.out'
% pp -r hello a b c # Pack 'hello' into 'a.out', runs 'a.out'
# with arguments 'a b c'
% pp hello --log=c # Pack 'hello' into 'a.out', logs
# messages into 'c'
# Pack 'hello' into a console-less 'out.exe' with icon (Win32 only)
% pp --gui --icon hello.ico -o out.exe hello
% pp @file hello.pl # Pack 'hello.pl' but read _additional_
# options from file 'file'
DESCRIPTION
pp creates standalone executables from Perl programs, using the
compressed packager provided by PAR, and dependency detection
heuristics offered by Module::ScanDeps. Source files are compressed
verbatim without compilation.
You may think of pp as "perlcc that works without hassle". :-)
A GUI interface is also available as the tkpp command.
It does not provide the compilation-step acceleration provided by
perlcc (however, see -f below for byte-compiled, source-hiding
techniques), but makes up for it with better reliability, smaller
executable size, and full retrieval of original source code.
When a single input program is specified, the resulting executable will
behave identically as that program. However, when multiple programs
are packaged, the produced executable will run the one that has the
same basename as $0 (i.e. the filename used to invoke it). If nothing
matches, it dies with the error "Can't open perl script "$0"".
OPTIONS
Options are available in a short form and a long form. For example,
the three lines below are all equivalent:
% pp -o output.exe input.pl
% pp --output output.exe input.pl
% pp --output=output.exe input.pl
Since the command lines can become sufficiently long to reach the
limits imposed by some shells, it is possible to have pp read some of
its options from one or more text files. The basic usage is to just
include an argument starting with an 'at' (@) sigil. This argument will
be interpeted as a file to read options from. Mixing ordinary options
and @file options is possible. This is implemented using the
Getopt::ArgvFile module, so read its documentation for advanced usage.
-a, --addfile=FILE|DIR
Add an extra file into the package. If the file is a directory,
recursively add all files inside that directory, with links turned
into actual files.
By default, files are placed under "/" inside the package with
their original names. You may override this by appending the
target filename after a ";", like this:
% pp -a "old_filename.txt;new_filename.txt"
% pp -a "old_dirname;new_dirname"
You may specify "-a" multiple times.
-A, --addlist=FILE
Read a list of file/directory names from FILE, adding them into the
package. Each line in FILE is taken as an argument to -a above.
You may specify "-A" multiple times.
-B, --bundle
Bundle core modules in the resulting package. This option is
enabled by default, except when "-p" or "-P" is specified.
Since PAR version 0.953, this also strips any local paths from the
list of module search paths @INC before running the contained
script.
-C, --clean
Clean up temporary files extracted from the application at runtime.
By default, these files are cached in the temporary directory; this
allows the program to start up faster next time.
-c, --compile
Run "perl -c inputfile" to determine additonal run-time
dependencies.
-cd, --cachedeps=FILE
Use FILE to cache detected dependencies. Creates FILE unless
present. This will speed up the scanning process on subsequent
runs.
-d, --dependent
Reduce the executable size by not including a copy of perl
interpreter. Executables built this way will need a separate
perl5x.dll or libperl.so to function correctly. This option is
only available if perl is built as a shared library.
-e, --eval=STRING
Package a one-liner, much the same as "perl -e '...'"
-E, --evalfeature=STRING
Behaves just like "-e", except that it implicitly enables all
optional features (in the main compilation unit) with Perl 5.10 and
later. See feature.
-x, --execute
Run "perl inputfile" to determine additonal run-time dependencies.
-X, --exclude=MODULE
Exclude the given module from the dependency search path and from
the package. If the given file is a zip or par or par executable,
all the files in the given file (except MANIFEST, META.yml and
script/*) will be excluded and the output file will "use" the given
file at runtime.
-f, --filter=FILTER
Filter source script(s) with a PAR::Filter subclass. You may
specify multiple such filters.
If you wish to hide the source code from casual prying, this will
do:
% pp -f Bleach source.pl
If you are more serious about hiding your source code, you should
have a look at Steve Hay's PAR::Filter::Crypto module. Make sure
you understand the Filter::Crypto caveats!
-g, --gui
Build an executable that does not have a console window. This
option is ignored on non-MSWin32 platforms or when "-p" is
specified.
-h, --help
Show basic usage information.
-i, --icon=FILE
Specify an icon file (in .ico, .exe or .dll format) for the
executable. This option is ignored on non-MSWin32 platforms or when
"-p" is specified.
-N, --info=KEY=VAL
Add additional information for the packed file, both in "META.yml"
and in the executable header (if applicable). The name/value pair
is joined by "=". You may specify "-N" multiple times, or use ";"
to link several pairs.
For Win32 executables, these special "KEY" names are recognized:
Comments CompanyName FileDescription FileVersion
InternalName LegalCopyright LegalTrademarks OriginalFilename
ProductName ProductVersion
-I, --lib=DIR
Add the given directory to the perl library file search path. May
be specified multiple times.
-l, --link=FILE|LIBRARY
Add the given shared library (a.k.a. shared object or DLL) into the
packed file. Also accepts names under library paths; i.e. "-l
ncurses" means the same thing as "-l libncurses.so" or "-l
/usr/local/lib/libncurses.so" in most Unixes. May be specified
multiple times.
-L, --log=FILE
Log the output of packaging to a file rather than to stdout.
-F, --modfilter=FILTER[=REGEX],
Filter included perl module(s) with a PAR::Filter subclass. You
may specify multiple such filters.
By default, the PodStrip filter is applied. In case that causes
trouble, you can turn this off by setting the environment variable
"PAR_VERBATIM" to 1.
Since PAR 0.958, you can use an optional regular expression (REGEX
above) to select the files in the archive which should be filtered.
Example:
pp -o foo.exe -F Bleach=warnings\.pm$ foo.pl
This creates a binary executable foo.exe from foo.pl packaging all
files as usual except for files ending in "warnings.pm" which are
filtered with PAR::Filter::Bleach.
-M, --module=MODULE
Add the specified module into the package, along with its
dependencies. Also accepts filenames relative to the @INC path;
i.e. "-M Module::ScanDeps" means the same thing as "-M
Module/ScanDeps.pm".
If MODULE has an extension that is not ".pm"/".ix"/".al", it will
not be scanned for dependencies, and will be placed under "/"
instead of "/lib/" inside the PAR file. This use is deprecated --
consider using the -a option instead.
You may specify "-M" multiple times.
-m, --multiarch
Build a multi-architecture PAR file. Implies -p.
-n, --noscan
Skip the default static scanning altogether, using run-time
dependencies from -c or -x exclusively.
-o, --output=FILE
File name for the final packaged executable.
-p, --par
Create PAR archives only; do not package to a standalone binary.
-P, --perlscript
Create stand-alone perl script; do not package to a standalone
binary.
-r, --run
Run the resulting packaged script after packaging it.
--reusable
EXPERIMENTAL
Make the packaged executable reusable for running arbitrary,
external Perl scripts as if they were part of the package:
pp -o myapp --reusable someapp.pl
./myapp --par-options --reuse otherapp.pl
The second line will run otherapp.pl instead of someapp.pl.
-S, --save
Do not delete generated PAR file after packaging.
-s, --sign
Cryptographically sign the generated PAR or binary file using
Module::Signature.
-T, --tempcache
Set the program unique part of the cache directory name that is
used if the program is run without -C. If not set, a hash of the
executable is used.
When the program is run, its contents are extracted to a temporary
directory. On Unix systems, this is commonly
/tmp/par-USERNAME/cache-XXXXXXX. USERNAME is replaced by the user
running the program, and XXXXXXX is either a hash of the executable
or the value passed to the "-T" or "--tempcache" switch.
-v, --verbose[=NUMBER]
Increase verbosity of output; NUMBER is an integer from 1 to 3, 3
being the most verbose. Defaults to 1 if specified without an
argument. Alternatively, -vv sets verbose level to 2, and -vvv
sets it to 3.
-V, --version
Display the version number and copyrights of this program.
-z, --compress=NUMBER
Set zip compression level; NUMBER is an integer from 0 to 9, 0 = no
compression, 9 = max compression. Defaults to 6 if -z is not used.
ENVIRONMENT
PP_OPTS
Command-line options (switches). Switches in this variable are
taken as if they were on every pp command line.
NOTES
Here are some recipes showing how to utilize pp to bundle source.pl
with all its dependencies, on target machines with different expected
settings:
Stone-alone setup:
To make a stand-alone executable, suitable for running on a machine
that doesn't have perl installed:
% pp -o packed.exe source.pl # makes packed.exe
# Now, deploy 'packed.exe' to target machine...
$ packed.exe # run it
Perl interpreter only, without core modules:
To make a packed .pl file including core modules, suitable for
running on a machine that has a perl interpreter, but where you
want to be sure of the versions of the core modules that your
program uses:
% pp -B -P -o packed.pl source.pl # makes packed.pl
# Now, deploy 'packed.pl' to target machine...
$ perl packed.pl # run it
Perl with core modules installed:
To make a packed .pl file without core modules, relying on the
target machine's perl interpreter and its core libraries. This
produces a significantly smaller file than the previous version:
% pp -P -o packed.pl source.pl # makes packed.pl
# Now, deploy 'packed.pl' to target machine...
$ perl packed.pl # run it
Perl with PAR.pm and its dependencies installed:
Make a separate archive and executable that uses the archive. This
relies upon the perl interpreter and libraries on the target
machine.
% pp -p source.pl # makes source.par
% echo "use PAR 'source.par';" > packed.pl;
% cat source.pl >> packed.pl; # makes packed.pl
# Now, deploy 'source.par' and 'packed.pl' to target machine...
$ perl packed.pl # run it, perl + core modules required
Note that even if your perl was built with a shared library, the
'Stand-alone executable' above will not need a separate perl5x.dll or
libperl.so to function correctly. But even in this case, the
underlying system libraries such as libc must be compatible between the
host and target machines. Use "--dependent" if you are willing to ship
the shared library with the application, which can significantly reduce
the executable size.
SEE ALSO
tkpp, par.pl, parl, perlcc
PAR, PAR::Packer, Module::ScanDeps
Getopt::Long, Getopt::ArgvFile
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Simon Cozens, Tom Christiansen and Edward Peschko for writing perlcc;
this program try to mimic its interface as close as possible, and
copied liberally from their code.
Jan Dubois for writing the exetype.pl utility, which has been partially
adapted into the "-g" flag.
Mattia Barbon for providing the "myldr" binary loader code.
Jeff Goff for suggesting the name "pp".
AUTHORS
Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>, Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org>
<http://par.perl.org/> is the official PAR website. You can write to
the mailing list at <par@perl.org>, or send an empty mail to
<par-subscribe@perl.org> to participate in the discussion.
Please submit bug reports to <bug-par@rt.cpan.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2002-2009 by Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>.
Neither this program nor the associated parl program impose any
licensing restrictions on files generated by their execution, in
accordance with the 8th article of the Artistic License:
"Aggregation of this Package with a commercial distribution is
always permitted provided that the use of this Package is embedded;
that is, when no overt attempt is made to make this Package's
interfaces visible to the end user of the commercial distribution.
Such use shall not be construed as a distribution of this Package."
Therefore, you are absolutely free to place any license on the
resulting executable, as long as the packed 3rd-party libraries are
also available under the Artistic License.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
See <http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>
perl v5.12.5 2011-03-22 PP(1)
