VOTEQUORUM(5) Corosync Cluster Engine Programmer's Manual VOTEQUORUM(5)NAMEvotequorum - Votequorum Configuration Overview
OVERVIEW
The votequorum service is part of the corosync project. This service
can be optionally loaded into the nodes of a corosync cluster to avoid
split-brain situations. It does this by having a number of votes
assigned to each system in the cluster and ensuring that only when a
majority of the votes are present, cluster operations are allowed to
proceed. The service must be loaded into all nodes or none. If it is
loaded into a subset of cluster nodes the results will be unpre‐
dictable.
The following corosync.conf extract will enable votequorum service
within corosync:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
}
votequorum reads its configuration from corosync.conf. Some values can
be changed at runtime, others are only read at corosync startup. It is
very important that those values are consistent across all the nodes
participating in the cluster or votequorum behavior will be unpre‐
dictable.
votequorum requires an expected_votes value to function, this can be
provided in two ways. The number of expected votes will be automati‐
cally calculated when the nodelist { } section is present in
corosync.conf or expected_votes can be specified in the quorum { } sec‐
tion. Lack of both will disable votequorum. If both are present at the
same time, the quorum.expected_votes value will override the one calcu‐
lated from the nodelist.
Example (no nodelist) of an 8 node cluster (each node has 1 vote):
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 8
}
Example (with nodelist) of a 3 node cluster (each node has 1 vote):
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
}
nodelist {
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.1
}
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.2
}
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.3
}
}
SPECIAL FEATURES
two_node: 1
Enables two node cluster operations (default: 0).
The "two node cluster" is a use case that requires special considera‐
tion. With a standard two node cluster, each node with a single vote,
there are 2 votes in the cluster. Using the simple majority calculation
(50% of the votes + 1) to calculate quorum, the quorum would be 2.
This means that the both nodes would always have to be alive for the
cluster to be quorate and operate.
Enabling two_node: 1, quorum is set artificially to 1.
Example configuration 1:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 2
two_node: 1
}
Example configuration 2:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
two_node: 1
}
nodelist {
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.1
}
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.2
}
}
NOTES: enabling two_node: 1 automatically enables wait_for_all. It is
still possible to override wait_for_all by explicitly setting it to 0.
If more than 2 nodes join the cluster, the two_node option is automati‐
cally disabled.
wait_for_all: 1
Enables Wait For All (WFA) feature (default: 0).
The general behaviour of votequorum is to switch a cluster from inquo‐
rate to quorate as soon as possible. For example, in an 8 node cluster,
where every node has 1 vote, expected_votes is set to 8 and quorum is
(50% + 1) 5. As soon as 5 (or more) nodes are visible to each other,
the partition of 5 (or more) becomes quorate and can start operating.
When WFA is enabled, the cluster will be quorate for the first time
only after all nodes have been visible at least once at the same time.
This feature has the advantage of avoiding some startup race condi‐
tions, with the cost that all nodes need to be up at the same time at
least once before the cluster can operate.
A common startup race condition based on the above example is that as
soon as 5 nodes become quorate, with the other 3 still offline, the
remaining 3 nodes will be fenced.
It is very useful when combined with last_man_standing (see below).
Example configuration:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 8
wait_for_all: 1
}
last_man_standing: 1 / last_man_standing_window: 10000
Enables Last Man Standing (LMS) feature (default: 0). Tunable
last_man_standing_window (default: 10 seconds, expressed in ms).
The general behaviour of votequorum is to set expected_votes and quorum
at startup (unless modified by the user at runtime, see below) and use
those values during the whole lifetime of the cluster.
Using for example an 8 node cluster where each node has 1 vote,
expected_votes is set to 8 and quorum to 5. This condition allows a
total failure of 3 nodes. If a 4th node fails, the cluster becomes
inquorate and it will stop providing services.
Enabling LMS allows the cluster to dynamically recalculate
expected_votes and quorum under specific circumstances. It is essential
to enable WFA when using LMS in High Availability clusters.
Using the above 8 node cluster example, with LMS enabled the cluster
can retain quorum and continue operating by losing, in a cascade fash‐
ion, up to 6 nodes with only 2 remaining active.
Example chain of events:
1) cluster is fully operational with 8 nodes.
(expected_votes: 8 quorum: 5)
2) 3 nodes die, cluster is quorate with 5 nodes.
3) after last_man_standing_window timer expires,
expected_votes and quorum are recalculated.
(expected_votes: 5 quorum: 3)
4) at this point, 2 more nodes can die and
cluster will still be quorate with 3.
5) once again, after last_man_standing_window
timer expires expected_votes and quorum are
recalculated.
(expected_votes: 3 quorum: 2)
6) at this point, 1 more node can die and
cluster will still be quorate with 2.
7) one more last_man_standing_window timer
(expected_votes: 2 quorum: 2)
NOTES: In order for the cluster to downgrade automatically from 2 nodes
to a 1 node cluster, the auto_tie_breaker feature must also be enabled
(see below). If auto_tie_breaker is not enabled, and one more failure
occours, the remaining node will not be quorate. LMS does not work with
asymmetric voting schemes, each node must vote 1.
Example configuration 1:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 8
last_man_standing: 1
}
Example configuration 2 (increase timeout to 20 seconds):
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 8
last_man_standing: 1
last_man_standing_window: 20000
}
auto_tie_breaker: 1
Enables Auto Tie Breaker (ATB) feature (default: 0).
The general behaviour of votequorum allows a simultaneous node failure
up to 50% - 1 node, assuming each node has 1 vote.
When ATB is enabled, the cluster can suffer up to 50% of the nodes
failing at the same time, in a deterministic fashion. The cluster par‐
tition, or the set of nodes that are still in contact with the node
that has the lowest nodeid will remain quorate. The other nodes will be
inquorate.
Example configuration 1:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 8
auto_tie_breaker: 1
}
allow_downscale: 1
Enables allow downscale (AD) feature (default: 0).
THIS FEATURE IS INCOMPLETE AND CURRENTLY UNSUPPORTED.
The general behaviour of votequorum is to never decrease expected votes
or quorum.
When AD is enabled, both expected votes and quorum are recalculated
when a node leaves the cluster in a clean state (normal corosync shut‐
down process) down to configured expected_votes.
Example use case:
1) N node cluster (where N is any value higher than 3)
2) expected_votes set to 3 in corosync.conf
3) only 3 nodes are running
4) admin requires to increase processing power and adds 10 nodes
5) internal expected_votes is automatically set to 13
6) minimum expected_votes is 3 (from configuration)
- up to this point this is standard votequorum behavior -
7) once the work is done, admin wants to remove nodes from the cluster
8) using an ordered shutdown the admin can reduce the cluster size
automatically back to 3, but not below 3, where normal quorum
operation will work as usual.
Example configuration:
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 3
allow_downscale: 1
}
allow_downscale implicitly enabled EVT (see below).
expected_votes_tracking: 1
Enables Expected Votes Tracking (EVT) feature (default: 0).
Expected Votes Tracking stores the highest-seen value of expected votes
on disk and uses that as the minimum value for expected votes in the
absence of any higher authority (eg a current quorate cluster). This is
useful for when a group of nodes becomes detached from the main cluster
and after a restart could have enough votes to provide quorum, which
can happen after using allow_downscale.
Note that even if the in-memory version of expected_votes is reduced,
eg by removing nodes or using corosync-quorumtool, the stored value
will still be the highest value seen - it never gets reduced.
The value is held in the file /var/lib/corosync/ev_tracking which can
be deleted if you really do need to reduce the expected votes for any
reason, like the node has been moved to a different cluster.
VARIOUS NOTES
* WFA / LMS / ATB / AD can be used combined together.
* In order to change the default votes for a node there are two
options:
1) nodelist:
nodelist {
node {
ring0_addr: 192.168.1.1
quorum_votes: 3
}
....
}
2) quorum section (deprecated):
quorum {
provider: corosync_votequorum
expected_votes: 2
votes: 2
}
In the event that both nodelist and quorum { votes: } are defined, the
value from the nodelist will be used.
* Only votes, quorum_votes, expected_votes and two_node can be changed
at runtime. Everything else requires a cluster restart.
BUGS
No known bugs at the time of writing. The authors are from outerspace.
Deal with it.
SEE ALSOcorosync(8), corosync.conf(5), corosync-quorumtool(8), votequorum_over‐
view(8)corosync Man Page 2012-01-24 VOTEQUORUM(5)
