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File::Spec::Unix(3pm)  Perl Programmers Reference Guide	 File::Spec::Unix(3pm)

NAME
       File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec mod‐
       ules

SYNOPSIS
	require File::Spec::Unix; # Done automatically by File::Spec

DESCRIPTION
       Methods for manipulating file specifications.  Other File::Spec mod‐
       ules, such as File::Spec::Mac, inherit from File::Spec::Unix and over‐
       ride specific methods.

METHODS
       canonpath()
	 No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a path.
	 On UNIX eliminates successive slashes and successive "/.".

	     $cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ;

	 Note that this does *not* collapse x/../y sections into y.  This is
	 by design.  If /foo on your system is a symlink to /bar/baz, then
	 /foo/../quux is actually /bar/quux, not /quux as a naive ../-removal
	 would give you.  If you want to do this kind of processing, you prob‐
	 ably want "Cwd"'s "realpath()" function to actually traverse the
	 filesystem cleaning up paths like this.

       catdir()
	 Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path end‐
	 ing with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the result‐
	 ing string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and con‐
	 fuses OS2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off
	 the trailing slash :-)

       catfile
	 Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a com‐
	 plete path ending with a filename

       curdir
	 Returns a string representation of the current directory.  "." on
	 UNIX.

       devnull
	 Returns a string representation of the null device. "/dev/null" on
	 UNIX.

       rootdir
	 Returns a string representation of the root directory.	 "/" on UNIX.

       tmpdir
	 Returns a string representation of the first writable directory from
	 the following list or the current directory if none from the list are
	 writable:

	     $ENV{TMPDIR}
	     /tmp

	 Since perl 5.8.0, if running under taint mode, and if $ENV{TMPDIR} is
	 tainted, it is not used.

       updir
	 Returns a string representation of the parent directory.  ".." on
	 UNIX.

       no_upwards
	 Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent
	 directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equiva‐
	 lents.)

       case_tolerant
	 Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alpha‐
	 betic is not or is significant when comparing file specifications.

       file_name_is_absolute
	 Takes as argument a path and returns true if it is an absolute path.

	 This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2 or
	 Mac OS (Classic).  It does consult the working environment for VMS
	 (see "file_name_is_absolute" in File::Spec::VMS).

       path
	 Takes no argument, returns the environment variable PATH as an array.

       join
	 join is the same as catfile.

       splitpath
	     ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
	     ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file );

	 Splits a path into volume, directory, and filename portions. On sys‐
	 tems with no concept of volume, returns '' for volume.

	 For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directo‐
	 ries, assumes that the last file is a path unless $no_file is true or
	 a trailing separator or /. or /.. is present. On Unix this means that
	 $no_file true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ).

	 The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'.

	 The results can be passed to "catpath()" to get back a path equiva‐
	 lent to (usually identical to) the original path.

       splitdir
	 The opposite of "catdir()".

	     @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories );

	 $directories must be only the directory portion of the path on sys‐
	 tems that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that
	 differentiates files from directories.

	 Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty direc‐
	 tory names ('') can be returned, because these are significant on
	 some OSs.

	 On Unix,

	     File::Spec->splitdir( "/a/b//c/" );

	 Yields:

	     ( '', 'a', 'b', '', 'c', '' )

       catpath()
	 Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path.
	 Under Unix, $volume is ignored, and directory and file are concate‐
	 nated.	 A '/' is inserted if needed (though if the directory portion
	 doesn't start with '/' it is not added).  On other OSs, $volume is
	 significant.

       abs2rel
	 Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative
	 path from the base path to the destination path:

	     $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ;
	     $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ;

	 If $base is not present or '', then cwd() is used. If $base is rela‐
	 tive, then it is converted to absolute form using "rel2abs()". This
	 means that it is taken to be relative to cwd().

	 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores
	 the $base filename. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
	 directories.

	 If $path is relative, it is converted to absolute form using
	 "rel2abs()".  This means that it is taken to be relative to cwd().

	 No checks against the filesystem are made.  On VMS, there is interac‐
	 tion with the working environment, as logicals and macros are
	 expanded.

	 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.

       rel2abs()
	 Converts a relative path to an absolute path.

	     $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ;
	     $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ;

	 If $base is not present or '', then cwd() is used. If $base is rela‐
	 tive, then it is converted to absolute form using "rel2abs()". This
	 means that it is taken to be relative to cwd().

	 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores
	 the $base filename. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
	 directories.

	 If $path is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using "canon‐
	 path()".

	 No checks against the filesystem are made.  On VMS, there is interac‐
	 tion with the working environment, as logicals and macros are
	 expanded.

	 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 2004 by the Perl 5 Porters.  All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO
       File::Spec

perl v5.8.8			  2001-09-21		 File::Spec::Unix(3pm)
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